Table of Content

SECTION 1	U.S. PLUMBING FIXTURE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY TRENDS...........................................................	1
	Executive Summary........................................... Overall Industry Size And Growth......................... Growth-Oriented Sectors And Product Lines........... End-Use Market Opportunities.............................. Shift In Distribution Channels............................... Profit Margins And Industry Concentration.............. Outlook............................................................	1 2 2 3 4 4 5
Table 1-1	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Supply, 1992-2008 (dollars).......................................	6
Figure 1-1	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fitting Supply, 1993-2008 (dollars).......................................	7
Table 1-2	Comparative Growth Of Real U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Supply And Real U.S. Spending On Building Construction, 1992-2008 (dollars)..........................	8
Table 1-3	U.S. Plumbing Fixture Supply By Material, 1992-2008 (dollars): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, And Plastic Plumbing Fixtures....................	9
Table 1-4	Real U.S. Plumbing Fixture Supply By Material And Plumbing Fittings Supply, 1992-2008 (dollars): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, And Plastic Plumbing Fixtures......................................	10
Table 1-5	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Shipments And Share Of Construction Materials, 1977-2008 (dollars and percent)...........................................	11
Table 1-6	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture Shipments By Material, 1987-2008 (dollars): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, And Plastic Plumbing Fixtures............................................................	12
Table 1-7	U.S. Producer Price Trends For Plumbing Fixtures And Fittings, 1987-2003 (index): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim................................................................	13
Table 1-8	Gross Profit Margins For U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Plants Compared To The U.S. Manufacturing Average, 1987-2003 (percent)............................	14
	SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY................................	15
SECTION 2	U.S. PLUMBING FIXTURE MARKET........................	18
	Summary Of Major Findings................................... Overall Plumbing Fixture Supply............................. Plumbing Fixture Supply By Material....................... Plumbing Fixture Supply By Material....................... Lavatory And Related Product Market Trends.......... Sink Market Trends............................................ Bathtub And Whirlpool Bath Market Trends............ Shower Stall And Wall Surround Market Trends....... Hot Tub And Spa Market Trends.......................... Drink Fountain Market Trends.............................. Shower Door And Tub Enclosure Market Trends...... Outlook..........................................................	18 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 26 26 27
Table 2-1	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture Supply, 1977-2008 (dollars): Total Supply, Shipments, Imports, And Imports' Share Of U.S. Supply...............................	28
Table 2-2	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture Shipments By Major Product Type, 1977-2008 (dollars): Lavatories, Sinks, Bathtubs And Whirlpools, Shower Stalls And Wall Surrounds, Hot Tubs And Spas, And All Others...........	29
Table 2-3	Quantity U.S. Plumbing Fixture Shipments By Major Product Type, 1977-2008 (number): Lavatories, Sinks, Bathtubs And Whirlpools, Shower Stalls And Wall Surrounds, Hot Tubs And Spas, And Drinking Fountains..........................................................	30
Table 2-4	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture Shipments By Material, 1987-2003 (dollars): Vitreous China, Enameled Cast Iron, Steel And Other Metal, Gelcoat, Acrylic, Cultured Marble, And Other Plastics..................................................	31
Table 2-5	U.S. Lavatory And Related Fixture Shipments By Product Type, 1987-2003 (number and dollars): Lavatories, Water Closet Bowls, Flush Tanks, Urinals, And Bidets...............................................................	32
Table 2-6	U.S. Shipments Of Lavatories By Material, 1987-2003 (dollars and number): Enameled Steel, Stainless Steel, Vitreous China, Cultured Marble, And Other Materials....	33
Table 2-7	U.S. Sink Shipments By Product Type, 1987-2003 (number and dollars): Kitchen Sinks, Bar Sinks, Wash And Service Sinks..............................................	35
Table 2-8	U.S. Kitchen Sink Shipments By Material, 1993-2003 (dollars and number): Enameled Steel, Stainless Steel, And Other Materials...........................................	36
Table 2-9	U.S. Shipments Of Wash And Service Sinks By Material, 1987-2003 (dollars and number): Metal, Vitreous China, Plastics, And Other Materials..................................	37
Table 2-10	U.S. Bathtub Shipments By Material, 1987-2003 (dollars and number): Enameled Steel, Fiberglass Gelcoat, Fiberglass Acrylic, Cultured Marble, And Other Materials............................................................	38
Table 2-11	U.S. Whirlpool Bath Shipments By Material, 1992-2003 (dollars and number): Fiberglass Gelcoat, Fiberglass Acrylic, Cultured Marble, Other Plastics, And Other Materials........................................................	40
Table 2-12	U.S. Shipments Of Shower Stalls By Material, 1993-2003 (dollars and number): Fiberglass Gelcoat, Fiberglass Acrylic, Other Plastics, And Other Materials...............	41
Table 2-13	U.S. Shipments Of Shower Receptors Sold Separately By Material, 1993-2003 (dollars and number): Plastic And Other Materials.............................................	42
Table 2-14	U.S. Wall Surround Shipments By Type, 1993-2003 (dollars and number): Showers And Bathtubs...........	43
Table 2-15	U.S. Drinking Fountain Shipments, 1987-2003 (number and dollars)........................................................	44
Table 2-16	Value Of U.S. Shower Door And Tub Enclosure Shipments, 1977-2003 (dollars)............................	45
Table 2-17	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture Imports And Share Of The U.S. Supply By Material, 1977-2008 (dollars): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, And Plastic Plumbing Fixtures......................................	46
Table 2-18	U.S. Metal Sanitary Ware Imports By Product Type, 1992-2003 (number and dollars): Sinks, Baths, And Other Products By Material...................................	47
Table 2-19	U.S. Vitreous China Plumbing Fixture Imports By Product Type, 1992-2003 (number and dollars): Water Closet Bowls, Flush Tanks, Sinks And Lavatories, And Other Types..............................................................	49
Table 2-20	Value Of U.S. Plastic Plumbing Fixture Imports By Product, 1992-2003 (dollars): Baths, Showers, And Washbasins; And Bidets, Lavatories, Flush Cisterns, And Related Sanitary Ware...................................	51
Table 2-21	Value Of U.S. Metal Sanitary Ware Imports For The Top Twelve Countries Of Origin, 1996-2002 (dollars).......	52
Table 2-22	Value Of U.S. Vitreous China Plumbing Fixture Imports For The Top Seventeen Countries Of Origin, 1996-2002 (dollars)...........................................................	53
Table 2-23	Value Of U.S. Plastic Plumbing Fixture Imports For The Top Six Countries Of Origin, 1996-2002 (dollars)......	54
Table 2-24	High Efficiency Toilets.........................................	55
SECTION 3	U.S. PLUMBING FIXTURE FITTINGS AND TRIM MARKET.........................................................	58
	Summary Of Major Findings.................................... Overall Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim Supply....... Lavatory Fitting Market Trends............................ Sink Fitting Market Trends................................... Bath And Shower Fittings Market Trends................. Market For Other Fittings And Trim........................ Source Of Imported Shipments............................. Leading Manufacturers And Marketers................... Outlook...........................................................	58 58 59 60 60 61 61 61 63
Table 3-1	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim Supply, 1977-2008 (dollars): Total Supply, Shipments, Imports, And Imports' Share Of U.S. Supply........................	64
Table 3-2	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fittings And Trim Shipments By Major Product Type, 1977-2008 (dollars): Single-Lever Controls, Bath And Shower Fittings, Lavatory Fittings, Sink Fittings, And Other Items.............................	65
Table 3-3	U.S. Quantity Plumbing Fittings Shipments By Major Product Type, 1977-2008 (number): Total, Single-Lever Controls, Bath And Shower Fittings, Lavatory Fittings, And Sink Fittings...............................................	66
Table 3-4	Value Of U.S. Single-Lever Control Shipments By Product Type, 1977-2003 (dollars): Lavatory, Kitchen, Shower/Shower-Tub Combination, And Antiscald Valves............................................................	67
Table 3-5	U.S. Quantity Shipments Of Single-Lever Controls By Product Type And Average Value Per Unit Shipped, 1977-2003 (number): Lavatory, Kitchen, Shower/Shower-Tub Combination, And Antiscald Valves.............................................................	68
Table 3-6	U.S. Shipments Of Kitchen Single-Lever Controls By Type, 1982-2002 (dollars and number): With Spray And Without Spray.............................................	69
Table 3-7	U.S. Shipments Of Shower Combination Single-Lever Controls By Type, 1987-2002 (dollars and number): Shower Combination And Shower-Tub Combination....	70
Table 3-8	Value Of U.S. Bath And Shower Fittings Shipments By Product Type, 1987-2003 (dollars): Bathtub Fillers, Shower Fittings, Showerheads Sold Separately, Bath And Shower Fittings, Hand-Held Personal Showers, And Other Type Fittings......................................	71
Table 3-9	Value Of U.S. Lavatory Fittings Shipments By Fitting Type And Drain Type, 1987-2003 (dollars): 4-Inch And Greater Than 4-Inch Center-Set Fittings And With Pop-Up Drain And Without Pop-Up Drain................	72
Table 3-10	Value Of U.S. Sink Fittings Shipments By Product Type, 1982-2003 (dollars): Wallmount Combination Sink Faucet, Deck Faucet, Single Sink Faucet, Other Sink Fittings...........................................................	73
Table 3-11	Value Of Deck Faucet Sink Fittings Shipments By Type, 1987-2002 (dollars): Exposed And Concealed Type, With And Without Spray............................................	74
Table 3-12	U.S. Shipments Of Drains And Overflows, 1977-2002 (number and dollars)..........................................	75
Table 3-13	Value Of Other U.S. Plumbing Fittings And Trim Shipments By Product Type, 1987-2003 (dollars): IPS Mechanical Connecting Fittings, Compression Stops, Sediment And Related Faucets, P-Traps, S-Traps, Lawn Hose Nozzles And Lawn Sprinklers, Flushometer Valves And Flush Valves, And Other Items And Accessories.......................................................	76
Table 3-14	U.S. Plumbing Fittings Imports By Product Line, 1992-2003 (quantity and dollars): Faucets, Stops, And Other Plumbing Goods..............................................................	77
Table 3-15	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fittings Imports For The Top Fifteen Countries Of Origin, 1996-2002 (dollars).......	79
Table 3-16	U.S. Producer Price Trends For Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim For Select Product Lines, 1999-2003 (index).............................................................	80
SECTION 4	END-USE MARKETS AND FACTORS AFFECTING U.S. PLUMBING PRODUCT DEMAND............................	81
	Summary Of Major Findings................................... New Residential Construction Market...................... Residential Remodeling Markets............................. Nonresidential Markets........................................ Manufactured Housing And Recreation Vehicle Markets...........................................................	81 81 82 83 84
Table 4-1	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Market Sales By End-Use Market, 1992-2003 (dollars): Residential And Nonresidential Construction, Manufactured Buildings, Remodeling And Replacement, Recreation Vehicles, And Others.......................................................	85
Table 4-2	Real U.S. Spending On Building Construction, 1977-2003 (dollars): Total Buildings, Residential Buildings, And Nonresidential Buildings.......................................	86
Table 4-3	Real U.S. Spending On Construction Put In Place By Market And Building Type, 1999-2003 (dollars): Residential Buildings By Type, Nonresidential Buildings By Type, And Public Buildings By Type.....................	87
Table 4-4	Total U.S. Housing Demand By Sector By Region, 1998-2003 (number): Northeast, Midwest, South, West, And Total..................................................	88
Table 4-5	New U.S. Privately Owned Housing Units Started And By Type Of Structure, 1980-2003 (number): Total Starts; In Structures With 1 Unit, 2 To 4 Units, And 5 Units Or More.................................................................	90
Table 4-6	Purchases Of Plumbing Fixtures And Fittings Per New U.S. Housing Unit Started, 1992-2003 (dollars)................	91
Table 4-7	Monthly New Private U.S. Housing Units Authorized By 19,000 Building Permit Places By Region, 2002 And 2003 (number)...........................................................	92
Table 4-8	New Privately Owned Housing Units Authorized By 19,000 Building Permit Places By Region And State, 1997-2002 (number)............................................	93
Table 4-9	U.S. New And Replacement Residential Kitchens And Bathrooms, 1990-2003 (number)............................	95
Table 4-10	Number Of Kitchens And Bathrooms In New U.S. Housing Units By Type Of Structure, 1995-2003 (number): Single-Family Home, Multi-Family Buildings, And Mobile Homes..............................................................	96
Table 4-11	Total Bathrooms In New U.S. Housing Units And By Type Of Unit And Region, 1995-2002 (number): Single-Family Homes, Multi-Family Buildings, And Mobile Homes.......	97
Table 4-12	New U.S. Privately Owned Single-Family Homes By Number Of Bathrooms And By Region, 1990-2002 (number and percent): 1 1/2 Bathrooms Or Less, 2 Bathrooms, 2 1/2 Bathrooms, And 3 Bathrooms Or More..............................................................	99
Table 4-13	New U.S. Housing Units In Multi-Family Buildings By Number Of Bathrooms And By Region, 1990-2002 (number and percent): 1 Bathroom, 1 1/2 Bathrooms, And 2 Bathrooms Or More.....................................	101
Table 4-14	Total U.S. Residential Property Owner Spending On Improvements, Additions, Alterations, And Repairs And Residential Spending On Kitchen And Bathroom Remodeling, 1977-2003 (dollars)............................	103
Table 4-15	U.S. Kitchen And Bathroom Remodeling Spending By Ownership Of Residential Property, 1993-2003 (dollars): Kitchen Remodeling, Bathroom Remodeling, And Kitchen And Bathroom Remodeling.....................................	104
Table 4-16	Direct Household Spending On Plumbing Services And Plumbing Supplies And Equipment, 1985-2003 (dollars)...........................................................	105
Table 4-17	Average Annual Direct U.S. Household Spending On Plumbing Supplies And Equipment By Demographic Characteristic, 2001 (dollars): Homeowners, Renters, Vacation Homes, Gifts, And Total Spending.............	106
Table 4-18	Distribution Of U.S. Housing Units By Number Of Bathrooms, Total Number Of Residential Bathrooms, And Average Bathrooms Per Unit, 1985-2002 (number).........................................................	107
Table 4-19	U.S. Occupied Housing Units By Year Built By Region, Before 1970 And 1970-2001 (number)...................	108
Table 4-20	U.S. Consumer Water Rate Price Trends, 1985-2003 (index)...........................................................	109
Table 4-21	U.S. Home Mortgage Interest Rates And Personal Income, 1980-2003 (percent and dollars)..........................	110
Table 4-22	Distribution Of U.S. Households By Demographic Characteristic, 1985-2001 (percent): Household Income, Age Of Household Head, Household Size, Region, And Total Households...............................................	111
Table 4-23	Number Of U.S. Hotels And Motels, Number Of Guest Rooms, And Lodging Industry Construction Spending, 1982-2002 (number and dollars)..........................	112
SECTION 5	DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS, EXPORTS, AND THE CANADIAN MARKET SITUATION........................	113
	Summary Of Major Findings................................. Wholesale Sales............................................... Retail Sales..................................................... Plumbing Contractors........................................ Export Shipments............................................. Canadian Market Trends....................................	113 113 114 115 115 116
Table 5-1	Value Of U.S. Wholesale Plumbing Fixture Sales, 1992-2002 (number and dollars): Number Carrying Line And Plumbing Fixture Sales..................................	117
Table 5-2	U.S. Retail Plumbing Fixture And Supplies Sales By Type Of Outlet And Stores Selling Line, 1997 And 2002 (dollars and number): Home Centers, Hardware Stores, Paint, And Other Building Material Dealers..............	118
Table 5-3	Number, Revenues, And Labor Costs Of U.S. Plumbing Contractors, 1997 And 2002 (number, dollars, and percent)........................................................	119
Table 5-4	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Exports By Sector, 1977-2003 (dollars): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim.......	120
Table 5-5	Exports' Share Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Shipments By Sector, 1977-2003 (Percent): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim........................................................	121
Table 5-6	U.S. Plumbing Fixture Exports By Material And Product Type, 1992-2003 (quantity and dollars): Metal, Vitreous China, And Plastic Plumbing Fixtures; Sinks, Baths, Water Closet Bowls, And Other Products.......................	122
Table 5-7	Value Of U.S. Plumbing Fittings Exports By Material And Product Type, 1992-2003 (dollars): Faucets And Other Products; Copper, Brass, And Stamped Or Forged....	125
Table 5-8	U.S. Metal Sanitary Ware Exports For The Top Twenty Countries Of Destination, 1996-2002 (dollars).........	126
Table 5-9	U.S. Vitreous China Plumbing Fixture Exports For The Top Fifteen Countries Of Destination, 1996-2002 (dollars)..	127
Table 5-10	U.S. Plastic Plumbing Fixture Exports For The Top Nineteen Countries Of Destination, 1996-2002 (dollars)..........	128
Table 5-11	U.S. Plumbing Fittings Exports For The Top Eighteen Countries Of Destination, 1996-2002 (dollars)........	129
Table 5-12	Value Of Canadian Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Shipments, 1991-2002 (Canadian dollars): Metal Sanitary Ware, Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures, Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trims................................................................	130
Table 5-13	Value Of Canadian Plumbing Fixture Market Sales, 1992-2002 (Canadian dollars): Shipments, Exports, Imports, And Market Sales...................................	131
Table 5-14	Value Of Canadian Plumbing Fixture Market Sales By Material, 1997-2002 (Canadian dollars): Shipments, Exports, Imports, And Market Sales; Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, And Plastic Plumbing Fixtures..............................................	132
Table 5-15	Canadian Plumbing Fixture Industry Plant Analysis, 1997-1999 (number, Canadian dollars, and percent): Number Of Plants, Plant Revenues, Payroll And Material Costs Percent Revenues, Employees, Production Worker Wages And Hours, And Nonproduction Workers; Metal, Plastic, And Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures...........	133
Table 5-16	Canadian Plumbing Fixture Imports By Material And Product By Major Country Of Origin, 1996-2002 (number and Canadian dollars): Metal, Vitreous China, And Plastic Plumbing Fixtures; Sinks, Baths, And Other Plumbing Fixtures..........................................................	134
Table 5-17	Canadian Plumbing Fixture Exports By Material And Product By Major Country Of Destination, 1996-2002 (number and Canadian dollars): Metal, Vitreous China, And Plastic Plumbing Fixtures; Sinks, Baths, And Other Plumbing Fixtures.............................................	137
Table 5-18	Value Of Canadian Building Permits And Canadian Housing Starts, 1993-2002 (number and Canadian dollars)...	139
SECTION 6	COST STRUCTURE OF U.S. PLUMBING FIXTURE AND FITTINGS PLANTS......................................	140
	Industry Margins.......................................... Margins By Industry Sector............................ Plant Labor Situation.................................... Material Costs.............................................	140 140 140 141
Table 6-1	Operating Ratios And Profit Margins For U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Plants By Facility Product Specialization, 1982-2003 (percent): Payroll, Other Labor Costs, Material Costs, And Gross Profits Percent Shipments For Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixture, Plastic Plumbing Fixture Plants, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim.........................	142
Table 6-2	U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Plant Labor Situation By Facility Product Specialization, 1982-2003 (number, percent, and dollars): Number Of Employees, Shipments Per Employee, Percent Production Workers, And Production Worker Average Hourly Wages And Hours For Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixture, Plastics Plumbing Fixture Plants, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim...............................................	143
Table 6-3	U.S. Producer Price Trends For Major Material Inputs, 1987-2003 (index): Steel Mill Products, Foundry And Forge Shop Products, Copper And Brass Mill Shapes, Plastic Resins, Refractories, And Paperboard Containers.......................................................	144
Table 6-4	New Capital Expenditures By U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Plants By Facility Product Specialization, 1982-2001 (dollars and percent): Capital Expenditures And Percent Value Added; Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim........................	145
Table 6-5	Number Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Plants By State By Facility Product Specialization, 2000 (number): Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, Metal Sanitary Ware, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim..............................................	146
SECTION 7	COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT...........................	148
	Summary Of Major Findings................................... Market Shares.................................................... Industry Plants................................................... Leading Brands By Product Line..............................	148 148 149 149
Table 7-1	Number Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Companies, Plants, And Revenues By Plant Product Specialization, 1982-2003 (number and dollars): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim........................	151
Table 7-2	Percent Distribution Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Plants By Employee-Size By Facility Product Specialization, 1982-2001 (percent): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim; 1-19, 20-99, 100-249, And 250 Or More Employees...............................................	152
Table 7-3	Share Of Plumbing Fixture Supply By The Top Eight U.S. Manufacturers And Share Of Plumbing Fitting Supply By The Top Five U.S. Manufacturers, 2002 (percent)............................................................	153
Table 7-4	Share Of U.S. Plumbing Fixture And Fittings Plant Shipments By Company Group Category, 1987-1997 (percent): Metal Sanitary Ware, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, Plastic Plumbing Fixtures, And Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim................................................. <